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| Capital Transactions | Capital Transactions Dividends
The declaration of future dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon numerous factors, including earnings, financial condition, restrictions imposed by any indebtedness that may be outstanding, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors.
Share Repurchase Program
On March 10, 2021, we announced a $15.0 million common share repurchase program. On March 8, 2022, we announced an amendment to the share repurchase program allowing the repurchase of an additional $30.0 million in common shares. The repurchases may be made from time to time as market conditions warrant and are subject to regulatory considerations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we repurchased 509,000 and 180,000 shares of our common stock for $8.4 million and $2.2 million, respectively. At September 30, 2024, the remaining balance available for repurchases under the program was $9.2 million.
Share-Based Compensation
On August 1, 2012, our shareholders adopted and approved the Nature’s Sunshine Products, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan ("2012 Incentive Plan"). The 2012 Incentive Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights, performance awards, stock awards and other stock-based awards. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has authority and discretion to determine the type of award, as well as the amount, terms and conditions of each award under the 2012 Incentive Plan, subject to the limitations of the 2012 Incentive Plan. A total of 1,500,000 shares of our common stock were originally authorized for the granting of awards under the 2012 Incentive Plan. In 2015, our shareholders approved an amendment to the 2012 Incentive Plan, to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance by 1,500,000 shares. On May 5, 2021, our shareholders approved the Amended and Restated 2012 Stock Incentive Plan, which among other amendments, increased the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance by 2,000,000 shares and extended the term of the 2012 Incentive Plan to March 3, 2026. The number of shares available for awards, as well as the terms of outstanding awards, are subject to adjustment as provided in the Amended and Restated 2012 Incentive Plan for stock splits, stock dividends, recapitalizations and other similar events.
Stock Options
Our outstanding stock options include time-based stock options, which vest over differing periods of time ranging from the date of issuance to up to 48 months from the option grant date, and performance-based stock options, which have already vested upon achieving operating income margins of six, eight and ten percent as reported in four of five consecutive quarters over the term of the options.
Stock option activity for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, is as follows (amounts in thousands, except per share information):
There was no share-based compensation expense for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was no unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the grants described above.
At September 30, 2024, the aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable stock options to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock was $0.2 million. At December 31, 2023, the aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding and exercisable options to purchase 75,000 shares of common stock was $0.5 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, no shares of common stock were issued upon the exercise of stock options. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we issued 27,000 shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options at an average exercise price of $13.88 per share. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $0.1 million and the Company recognized $0.1 million of tax benefits from the exercise of stock options.
As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we did not have any unvested stock options outstanding.
Restricted Stock Units
Our outstanding restricted stock units (“RSUs”), include time-based RSUs, which vest over differing periods of time ranging from 12 months to up to 36 months from the RSU grant date, as well as performance-based RSUs, which vest upon achieving targets relating to adjusted EBITDA growth, and/or stock price levels. RSUs granted to members of the Board of Directors contain a restriction period in which the shares are not issued until two years after vesting. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 110,000 and 100,000 vested RSUs, respectively, granted to the Board of Directors with an accompanying restriction period.
Restricted stock unit activity for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, is as follows (amounts in thousands, except per share information):
During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2024, we granted 390,000 RSUs under the 2012 Incentive Plan to the Board of Directors, executive officers and other employees, which were comprised of time-based RSUs, and adjusted EBITDA performance-based RSUs. The time-based RSUs were issued with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $16.96 per share and vest in 12 monthly installments over a one-year period from the grant date or in annual installments over a three-year period from the grant date. The adjusted EBITDA performance-based RSUs were issued with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $17.25 per share and vest upon achieving adjusted EBITDA targets and maintaining those targets over a four-quarter period from the grant date.
Share-based compensation expense related to time-based RSUs for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, was approximately $0.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Share-based compensation expense related to time-based RSUs for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, was approximately $2.6 million and $2.9 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to the grants described above, excluding incentive awards discussed below, was $3.2 million and $3.5 million, respectively. The remaining compensation expense is expected to be recognized over the weighted average period of approximately 0.8 years.
Share-based compensation expense related to performance-based RSUs for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Share-based compensation expense related to performance-based RSUs for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, was $0.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively. Should we attain all the metrics related to performance-based RSU grants, we would recognize up to $7.5 million of potential share-based compensation expense. We currently expect to recognize an additional $2.7 million of that potential share-based compensation expense. The number of shares issued upon vesting of RSUs granted pursuant to our share-based compensation plans is net of the minimum statutory withholding requirements that we pay on behalf of our employees, which was 63,000 and 48,000 shares for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Although shares withheld are not issued, they are treated as common share repurchases for accounting purposes, as they reduce the number of shares that would have been issued upon vesting. These shares do not count against the authorized capacity under the repurchase program described above.
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